유리 (1) 30 ml 세균성 물 자격을 갖춘 주문이 있습니다$ 500 USD.
(캡슐 제품, 미용 펩티드, 프로모션 코드 및 배송 제외)
KPV는 여러 가지 질병 상태에서 약속을 나타내는 강력한 항 염증성 펩티드입니다. 가장 적극적인 연구는 펩티드가 상당한 약속을 보인 염증성 장 질환의 치료에있다. KPV는 동물 연구에서 경구, 정맥 내, 피하 및 경피를 투여 할 때 안전하고 효과적인 것으로 나타났습니다. 상처 치유에 대한 연구에 따르면 KPV 및 기타 알파 -MSH 유도체는 상처 치유 속도를 높이고 감염을 줄이며 염증과 싸우며 더 나은 미용 결과를 가져 오는 다양한 이점을 제공 할 수 있습니다. KPV 및 유사한 펩티드는 상처 치유뿐만 아니라 수술 후 흉터 감소에서 메인 스테이가 될 수 있습니다.
제품 사용 :이 제품은 연구 화학 물질로만 의도 된 것입니다.이 명칭은 시험 관내 시험 및 실험실 실험에만 연구 화학 물질을 엄격하게 사용할 수있게한다. 이 웹 사이트에서 제공되는 모든 제품 정보는 교육 목적으로 만 사용됩니다. 인간이나 동물에 어떤 종류의 신체적으로 소개되는 것은 법에 의해 엄격히 금지되어 있습니다. 이 제품은 라이센스가 부여 된 자격을 갖춘 전문가 만 처리해야합니다. 이 제품은 약물, 음식 또는 화장품이 아니며 약물, 음식 또는 화장품으로 잘못 브랜드화되거나 잘못 사용되거나 오해가되지 않을 수 있습니다.
KPV (ACTH (11-13), Alpha-MSH)
KPV는 알파-멜라노 사이트 자극 호르몬 (알파 -MSH)의 C- 말단 펩티드 단편이다. 알파 -MSH의 많은 짧은 펩티드 유도체 중 하나이며, 이들은 유사한 광 보호 특성, 허혈에 대한 활동, 성적 영향 또는 수유 행동 및 에너지 항상성에 대한 이점을 유지하는지 확인하기 위해 테스트되었습니다. 라이신 프롤린-발린으로 구성된 KPV는 상당한 항 염증 효과를 갖는 것으로 밝혀졌다 [1]. 펩티드는 염증성 장 질환의 치료에서 잠재적 인 치료법으로서 활발한 연구를 받고있다. 그것은 중추 신경계, 위장관, 폐, 혈관계 및 관절에서 강력한 항 염증 활성의 증거를 보여 주었다. KPV는 작은 펩티드이기 때문에 경구, 정맥 내 및 경피 경로를 포함한 여러 가지 방법으로 투여 될 수 있습니다.
장 염증
Perhaps the most important discovery to arise from KPV research is the finding that the peptide reduces intestinal inflammation. In mouse models of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), KPV shows robust results, reducing inflammatory infiltrates, MPO activity, and overall histological evidence of inflammation. Mice treated with KPV in the study recovered faster and had more pronounced weight gain than mice treated with placebo[2].
Further research on delivery mechanisms for KPV has revealed that loading KPV onto nanoparticles functionalized with hyaluronic acid helps to direct the inflammatory effects of the peptide to proper locations within the intestine. This leads to accelerated mucosal healing and alleviation of inflammation via a strong down regulation of TNF-alpha in mouse models[3]. In many ways, KPV is a more effective and more targeted means of reducing inflammation in IBD without affecting TNF-alpha in other locations in the body. The benefit of modifying KPV is in improving the peptide’s oralbioavailability. This does not increase the efficacy of the peptide, but does have an impact on potency and thus total dose require to achieve an effect.원천:Pubch연구에 따르면 TNF- 알파는 KPV가 영향을 미치는 유일한 염증 매개체가 아닙니다. 펩티드는 또한 NF-kappAB 및 미토 겐-활성화 단백질 키나제 활성을 감소시킨다. 이러한 효과는 TNF- 알파 억제와 함께 작용하여 장의 염증 변화를 줄입니다. KPV로 처리 된 마우스는 대조군과 비교하여 결장 침윤 및 정상 결장 길이를 상당히 덜합니다 [4].원천:Pubch위의 그래프에 관심이있는 것은 KPV가 과장된 염증의 설정에만 영향을 미치는 것으로 보인다. 정상적인 조직에는 거의 영향을 미치지 않습니다. 그 이유의 적어도 일부는 KPV가 염증 설정에서 조절되지 않은 수송 체를 통해 결장 세포로 들어가기 때문입니다. 이는 KPV가 IBD 설정에서 효과적인 예방 또는 유지 약물 일 수 있음을 시사합니다. 효과가 없기 때문에 정지 기간 동안에도 안전하게 취할 수 있습니다. 정기적으로 복용 한 다음 필요할 때 펩티드를 이용할 수 있고 그렇지 않으면 간단히 배설됩니다. KPV의 잠재적 GI 이점에 대한 많은 연구를 이끌었던 Didier Merlin 교수는 최근 펩티드가 염증 상태 동안 장에서 실질적인 양으로 만 발현되는 단백질 채널 인 PEPT1을 통해 결장 세포로 들어가는 것을 발견했습니다. 이것은 KPV가 이미 염증이있는 환경에서 더 효과적인 이유를 설명하는 데 도움이됩니다. 또한 여러 조건에 적용 할 수있는 새로운 약물 전달 방식을 제안합니다. 질병 조건에서 변경되는 단백질을 표적화함으로써, 직접 병원성이 아니더라도 특정 영역에서 약물의 활동을 집중시키는 것이 가능할 수 있습니다. 이것은 심각한 부작용으로 약물의 투여 감소와 그 자체로 강력하지는 않지만 올바른 질병 상태의 설정에서 강력한 치료제 인 약물의 발달을 허용 할 수 있습니다.
일반적인 항염증제로서의 KPV
As far back as 1984, research in rabbits revealed that KPV is a powerful anti-inflammatory and fever reducer (anti-pyretic). In this setting, however, KPV had lower potency than the full alpha-MSH molecule. This suggested to scientists at the time that KPV was lacking some portion of the alpha-MSH molecule necessary for full anti-pyretic activity[5]. What ensued was decades of research investigating various modified forms of alpha-MSH.
Perhaps the biggest lesson learned from these tests is that alpha-MSH and several of its analogues all reduce inflammation in a wide variety of disease. So far, the molecules have been tested in fever, irritant and allergic contact dermatitis, vasculitis, fibrosis, arthritis and inflammation of the eyes, brain, lungs, and gastrointestinal tract. In all cases, alpha-MSH is the most effective anti-inflammatory. Unfortunately, it suffers from one major side effect – it causes skin pigmentation. KPV, on the other hand, does not have this side effect. And even though KPV is not as potent as the intact alpha-MSH, its lack of side effects means that boosting levels to achieve desired target effects is theoretically possible in most cases[6].
The difference in potency has been found to be minimal, at best, as the majority of anti-inflammatory effects of alpha-MSH are, in fact, due to the KPV section. What is interesting, however, is that the parent molecule appears to be better at suppressing late-stage inflammatory reaction. In the case of contact dermatitis, for instance, alpha-MSH does a better job of preventing an allergic inflammatory response at 2 weeks post initial exposure. This suggests that alpha-MSH may be affecting some aspect of immune modulation that is separate from the immediate inflammatory response[7]. Work is still being done to determine what this process is.
Graph shows ear swelling due to contact dermatitis at 24 hours (left) and 2 weeks (right). Note that co-administration of KPV with the irritant is nearly as effective as co-administration of alpha-MSH with the irritant at 24 hours. At 2 weeks, however, exposure to the stimulus without co-administration of the peptides shows much less swelling with alpha-MSH compared to KPV.원천:Pubch
상처 치유
Wound healing is a complex physiological process. Scientists have identified three general phases in the wound healing process: inflammatory, proliferative, and remodeling. Each phase is characterized by differences in cell populations and cytokine concentrations and represents a unique chemical/physiological milieu for potential intervention. Research shows that even though each stage of the wound healing process is characterized by different skin cell subtypes, the majority of these cells express a melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) that binds alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone. Of course, this also means that these cells types bind alpha-MSH analogues like KPV and KdPT as well[6].
Because these alpha-MSH derivatives retain some of the properties of alpha-MSH, but lack others, they offer potential benefits in wound healing. For instance, KPV offers the inflammatory properties of alpha-MSH, but lacks the pigment-inducing activity of its parent peptide. This makes KPV a good candidate for improving wound healing while avoiding the skin-changing characteristics often associated with natural scar formation (a phenomenon disproportionately affecting darker-skinned individuals).
One of the reasons that KPV is anti-inflammatory is that it participates in the innate immune response against two common skin pathogens. Research shows that KPV inhibits the growth of both Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. These benefits occur at physiological concentrations, meaning that KPV could provide an effective means of preventing infection in the setting of serious wounds like burns. This benefit of KPV is in contrast to other anti-inflammatory medications that actually inhibit the ability of the body to fight off infection. Thus, KPV combines anti-inflammatory activity with antimicrobial activity[8].
KPV actually serves as a structural model in recent research looking to replicate the anti-fungal effects of the peptide in novel therapeutics. The idea is that the 3D structure of KPV is what makes it an effective anti-fungal and that replicating this structure could allow researchers to develop compounds that have the same anti-fungal activity but different effects on other biological processes[9].
흉터 형성
In accordance with the known benefits of KPV in first stage (inflammation) of wound healing, research has also investigated its role in the other two stages of wound healing. It appears that KPV is able to reduce the kind of chronic inflammation that leads to hypertrophic scar (e.g., keloid) formation. This type of scarring is characterized by widespread macrophage infiltration, TNF immunoreactivity, and neutrophil abundance. Administration of alpha-MSH in this setting leads to smaller scars and a less drastic inflammatory response[10]. Similar effects have been noted in other tissues such as lung and heart. These findings raise the hope that KPV could be useful in preventing the kind of scarring seen with certain chemotherapy agents[11]–[13]. This would not only reduce the side effects of cancer treatment, but could allow for the use of increased concentrations of these medications and thus better outcomes in cancer treatment.
According to Dr. Didier Merlin, at least part of the benefit of KPV in reducing scar prominence appears to arise from its ability to modulate collagen metabolism. Alpha-MSH and its analogues suppress IL-8 secretion, which inhibits collagen type 1 production. This is important during the last phase of wound healing, remodeling, as it has been shown that people prone to keloid formation and hypertrophic scarring have less MC1R mRNA expression on dermal fibroblasts[14].원천:와일리 온라인 도서관
KPV 대 Alpha-MSH
While alpha-MSH is the more potent molecule of the two, it has one serious disadvantage when compared to KPV – it causes skin pigmentation. This side effect alone has been enough to discourage further research into intact alpha-MSH as a potential anti-inflammatory. KPV is favored because it retains most of the anti-inflammatory properties of alpha-MSH yet has none of the side effects. KPV is also exceptionally easy to manufacture and thus has benefit from a cost and logistics standpoint as well[15]. Dr. Thomas Luger, a renowned dermatologist and expert in inflammatory diseases of the skin, has published on KPV extensively. His work demonstrates that the peptide has potent anti-inflammatory properties with few adverse effects.
It is also important to note that the anti-inflammatory effects of KPV appear to be mediated through a different mechanism than those of alpha-MSH. Whereas alpha-MSH binds to specific melanocortin receptors, KPV does not. Evidence of this comes from mouse studies in which blocking MC3/4 receptors, which mediate the anti-inflammatory effects of alpha-MSH, has no impact on the anti-inflammatory effects of KPV. Specifically, blocking these receptors does not block the leukocyte migration effects induced by KPV[16].
Another appealing aspect of KPV is the ease with which the peptide can be administered. Research in animal models has shown that KPV can be administered both orally, subcutaneously and via injection (peripherally or centrally) without serious side effects. Recently, similar research showed that KPV could be administered trans-dermally with success[17]. The ability to administer the drug via multiple routes is not just a matter of convenience either. Different routes of administration affect the way the peptide works and where its anti-inflammatory effects are targeted. The ability to alter the method of delivery makes it possible for scientists to target different areas within the body for treatment.
KPV 요약
KPV is a potent anti-inflammatory peptide that has shown promise in a number of disease conditions. The most active research is in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease where the peptide has showed substantial promise. KPV has been shown in animal studies to be safe and effective when administered orally, intravenously, subcutaneouslyand through the skin. Research in wound healing also reveals that KPV and other alpha-MSH derivatives may offer a host of benefits that speed wound healing, reduce infection, fight inflammation, and lead to better cosmetic results. KPV and similar peptides could become mainstays not just in wound healing, but in scar reduction following surgery.
KPV exhibits minimal side effects, low oral and excellent subcutaneous bioavailability in mice. Per kg dosage in mice does not scale to humans. KPV for sale at
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